Genesis 43

1 Now the famine was still severe in the land. 2 So when Jacob’s sons had eaten all the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “ Go back and buy us a little more food.” 3 But Judah replied, “ The man solemnly warned us, ‘ You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’ 4 If you will send our brother with us, we will go down and buy food for you. 5 But if you will not send him, we will not go; for the man told us, ‘ You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’” 6 “ Why did you bring this trouble upon me?” Israel asked. “ Why did you tell the man you had another brother?” 7 They replied, “ The man questioned us in detail about ourselves and our family: ‘ Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ And we answered him accordingly. How could we possibly know that he would say, ‘ Bring your brother here ’?” 8 And Judah said to his father Israel, “ Send the boy with me, and we will go at once, so that we may live and not die — neither we, nor you, nor our children. 9 I will guarantee his safety. You may hold me personally responsible. If I do not bring him back and set him before you, then may I bear the guilt before you all my life. 10 If we had not delayed, we could have come and gone twice by now.” 11 Then their father Israel said to them, “ If it must be so, then do this: Put some of the best products of the land in your packs and carry them down as a gift for the man— a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds. 12 Take double the silver with you so that you may return the silver that was put back into the mouths of your sacks. Perhaps it was a mistake. 13 Take your brother as well, and return to the man at once. 14 May God Almighty grant you mercy before the man, that he may release your other brother along with Benjamin. As for me, if I am bereaved, I am bereaved.” 15 So the men took these gifts, along with double the amount of silver, and Benjamin as well. Then they hurried down to Egypt and stood before Joseph. Joseph’s Hospitality to His Brothers 16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with his brothers, he said to the steward of his house, “ Take these men to my house. Slaughter an animal and prepare it, for they shall dine with me at noon.” 17 The man did as Joseph had commanded and took the brothers to Joseph ’s house. 18 But the brothers were frightened that they had been taken to Joseph ’s house. “ We have been brought here because of the silver that was returned in our bags the first time,” they said. “ They intend to overpower us and take us as slaves, along with our donkeys.” 19 So they approached Joseph ’s steward and spoke to him at the entrance to the house. 20 “Please, sir,” they said, “ we really did come down here the first time to buy food. 21 But when we came to the place we lodged for the night, we opened our sacks and, behold, each of us found his silver in the mouth of his sack! It was the full amount of our silver, and we have brought it back with us. 22 We have brought additional silver with us to buy food. We do not know who put our silver in our sacks.” 23 “ It is fine,” said the steward. “ Do not be afraid. Your God, the God of your father, gave you the treasure that was in your sacks. I received your silver.” Then he brought Simeon out to them. 24 And the steward took the men into Joseph ’s house, gave them water to wash their feet, and provided food for their donkeys. 25 Since the brothers had been told that they were going to eat a meal there, they prepared their gift for Joseph ’s arrival at noon. 26 When Joseph came home, they presented him with the gifts they had brought, and they bowed to the ground before him. 27 He asked if they were well, and then he asked, “ How is your elderly father you told me about? Is he still alive?” 28 “ Your servant our father is well,” they answered. “ He is still alive.” And they bowed down to honor him. 29 When Joseph looked up and saw his brother Benjamin, his own mother’s son, he asked, “ Is this your youngest brother, the one you told me about?” Then he declared, “ May God be gracious to you, my son.” 30 Joseph hurried out because he was moved to tears for his brother, and he went to a private room to weep. 31 Then he washed his face and came back out. Regaining his composure, he said, “ Serve the meal.” 32 They separately served Joseph, his brothers, and the Egyptians. They ate separately because the Egyptians would not eat with the Hebrews, since that was detestable to them. 33 They were seated before Joseph in order by age, from the firstborn to the youngest, and the men looked at one another in astonishment. 34 When the portions were served to them from Joseph ’s table, Benjamin ’s portion was five times larger than any of the others. So they feasted and drank freely with Joseph.

✦ What the text says

## Summary The chapter narrates the second journey of Jacob's sons to Egypt to buy grain, this time bringing Benjamin as Joseph had demanded. It includes the negotiation between Jacob and Judah, the brothers' anxious arrival at Joseph's house, the return of Simeon, and the banquet scene where Joseph, moved with emotion at seeing Benjamin, must withdraw to weep in private before resuming the meal. ## Key words - *ha.'Ed he.'Id* ("certainly warned", H5749B) — the infinitive absolute *ha.'Ed* placed before the finite verb *he.'Id* intensifies the action: Judah stresses that the Egyptian official "solemnly" or "emphatically" warned them, not merely mentioned it in passing. - *nikh.me.Ru* ("they grew warm", H3648) — a niphal perfect describing Joseph's *rachamim* ("compassions", H7356B) as physically "growing hot" toward his brother; the verb form marks an involuntary, overwhelming internal state rather than a deliberate act. - *yit.'ap.Pak* ("he restrained himself", H0662) — hithpael narrative form, showing Joseph acting reflexively upon himself to suppress his emotion before returning to the company. - *cha.Mesh ya.Dot* ("five hands", H2568 + H3027L) — *yadot*, literally "hands," functions here as a unit meaning "portions" or "shares"; the phrase states Benjamin's portion was five times larger than the others'. - *to.'e.Vah* ("abomination", H8441) — feminine singular noun applied to the idea of Egyptians eating bread with Hebrews, marking a categorical social/religious separation rather than a personal preference. ## What the text says The Hebrew narrative moves through a chain of *va-yiqtol* ("and then…") verb forms that keep the story advancing scene by scene: Jacob speaks, Judah answers, they descend, Joseph sees, orders, weeps, washes, and commands the meal to be served. Embedded in this chain are perfect and infinitive-absolute constructions that intensify speech: Judah's report of the Egyptian official's warning uses *ha.'Ed he.'Id* (v.3), and the steward's earlier reassurance about the returned money uses *shalom* twice as a formula of peace (v.23), textually softening the brothers' fear. The scene of recognition (vv.29-31) is built on physical verbs — lifting the eyes (*va-yissa 'einav*), the inward "burning" of compassion (*nikhmeru rachamav*), and the reflexive "restraining" (*yit'appaq*) — which together trace an emotional sequence from sight to overwhelm to composed return, without the text naming the emotion directly; it is expressed entirely through bodily verbs. The banquet notice in v.32 explains the seating arrangement through the noun *to'evah* ("abomination"), a term that frames the separation of Egyptians and Hebrews as a fixed social category rather than as an isolated event. The final verse marks Benjamin's exceptional treatment quantitatively, through the idiom *chamesh yadot* ("five hands/portions", v.34), rather than through direct comment. ## Differences between versions In v.30, the LXX renders

This explanation describes the text using linguistic data; it adds no doctrine or confessional interpretation.